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Java Dubbo入门案例

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什么是Dubbo？

借助Dubbo可以实现基于SOA架构的软件设计。

Apache Dubbo是一款高性能的Java RPC框架。其前身是阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能、轻量级的开源Java RPC框架，可以和Spring框架无缝集成。【RPC Remote Process Callable 表示远程调用的意思】

  简单一句话就是做分布式开发的  

Dubbo跟SpringCloud比较

Dubbo：推荐使用dubbo协议（NIO，需要序列化数据）

优势：快

劣势： 开发语言不通用 （平台不通用）

SpringCloud：推荐使用HTTP协议（不需要序列化数据）

优势：开发语言非常通用（和语言，平台无关）

劣势：比dubbo稍慢

  案例分为服务提供者和服务消费者，简单来说就是主服务器跟分服务器 

  去官方下载 Zookeeper 。 

双击打开后(打开即可，记住本地IP与端口号，不用关闭) 

先配置主服务器

    编写pom.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>dubbodemo_provider</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbodemo_provider</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <!--Spring依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- dubbo相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.32.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
            <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <!--zookeeper依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

 编写web.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">
    <!--Spring监听器读取:dubbo-provider.xml-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:dubbo-provider.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

 编写dubbo-provider.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!--1.给当前服务定义服务名称-->
    <!--服务名称：用于分布式环境区分每个服务（必须唯一） -->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_provider"/>
    
    <!--2.把当前服务注册到zookeeper（注册中心）-->
    <!--address: zookeeper注册地址-->
    <!--填写本地IP地址-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.73.1:2181"/>

    <!--3.配置dubbo的协议-->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />

    <!--4.配置扫描Dubbo服务实现-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="dt2008.service"/>
    
</beans>

 编写服务接口HelloService 

package dt2008.service;

public interface HelloService {

    public String sayHello(String name);

}

编写服务实现HelloServiceImpl 

package dt2008.service.impl;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import dt2008.service.HelloService;

//这里必须使用阿里巴巴的注解:com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service
@Service
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello," + name;
    }
}

OK，主服务器端已经写完了，然后通过idea的tomcat启动即可 注意：端口记得要切换

接下来是分服务器端

编写pom.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>dubbodemo_consumer</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbodemo_consumer</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>


    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- dubbo相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.6</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.32.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
            <artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

 编写web.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">

    <!--配置SpringMVC核心控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:dubbo-consumer.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

 编写dubbo-consumer.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--原来的SpringMVC的配置-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="dt2008.web"/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
    <!--Dubbo的消费方配置-->
    <!--1.定义服务名称-->
    <dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_consumer"/>

    <!--2.从zookeeper拉取/获取服务提供-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.73.1:2181"/>

    <!--3.配置扫描@Reference注解-->
    <dubbo:annotation package="dt2008.web"/>

</beans>

 编写HelloService 

package dt2008.service;

public interface HelloService {

    String sayHello(String name);

}

编写HelloController 

package dt2008.web;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import dt2008.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    //在服务消费方远程调用服务提供方的方法
    @Reference  // 必须导入阿里巴巴的包：com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference
    private HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    @ResponseBody
    public String sayHello(){
        //远程方法调用
        String result = helloService.sayHello("itcast");
        return result;
    }

}

  好了，现在启动tomcat访问分服务器即可。 

  希望这边文章对您有帮助。

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